History Fair Topic: Affects of The Bus Boycott For Equality Throughout History
Primary Sources:
1. Teaching and Tolerance. “Mighty Times: Legacy of Rosa Parks” Southern Poverty Law Center, Administrator. 12 May. 2009. Mighty Times, the Legacy of Rosa Parks. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://www.tolerance.org/kit/mighty-times-legacy-rosa-parks>(video)
- This video helped me to depict the mood of the time the bus boycott was happening. It is a primary source because it shows segments of the actual events that took place during this era. It also contains segments that show the actual people that were there during this time period and their thoughts on the bus boycott.
2. Parks, Rosa, and Haskins, Jim. Rosa Parks: My Story. New York: Penguin Group, 1992.(book)
- This book was written by Rosa Parks herself; it’s an autobiography. This makes this source a primary source because it’s the actual words of someone who was a major part of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The book helped to gain a vision of how it felt to be Rosa Parks as an African American woman in the 1950’s, being treated unfairly just because her skin color made her “black” and not “white”.
3. “Rosa Parks Was Arrested for Civil Disobedience” Prints and Photographs Division. Library of Congress. 1956. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/modern/jb_modern_parks_1_e.html> (photograph)
- This photograph is a primary source because the photographer who took it was there when Rosa Parks was getting her hands fingerprinted. The photograph gave a visual image of how Parks’ face looked when she was getting her fingerprints. It showed her expression and allowed me to infer a little bit of how she was feeling at the time.
4. King, Martin Luther. Stride Towards Freedom. Jr. Harper & Brothers, 1958. (book)
- This autobiography, written by Martin Luther King’s himself, allowed me to really understand his way of thinking and why he was so motivated to gain freedom. King’s was vital part to the gaining of freedom of all rights of African Americans. It’s a primary source because it’s the words of Kings, written by he, himself, meaning it couldn’t have been changed by anyone.
5. “ADAH: Alabama Moments (Montgomery Bus Boycott)” ADAH. Alabama Moments in American History. 15 Sept. 2012 http://www.alabamamoments.state.al.us/sec55ps.html (website article)
- The website article shows an actual newspaper article from December 4, 1955. This was around the time the Bus Boycott began. It allows me to learn the reactions of the citizens in Montgomery when they were informed about the Bus Boycott. Since the article shows and actual newspaper from the time period of the boycott, it makes it a primary source.
6. The Rev. M. L. King and the Rev. W. J. Powell. "Rules for Riding Desegrated Buses." PBS. PBS, 26 Aug. 2006. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/sources/ps_bus.html>.
- This source allows me to understand the way the African Americans tried to react when they learned of the buses becoming desegrated. It’s a primary source because it written by an organization who was there at the time of the boycott era.
7. Weiner, Dan. They’ve Messed With The Wrong One Now. Rosa Parks: My Story. New York: Penguin Group, 1992. Pg. 131.
- This picture is a primary source because not only is it included in Rosa Parks’ autobiography, but also because it was taken at the time of the boycott era.
8. U.s.n &w.r. collection, comp. White Violence Gets Worse. 98.
- This source is primary because the photographer was actually there when this event took place.
9. Montgomery Negroes. "Alabama Archives: Riding the Bus." Alabama Archives: Riding the Bus. Inez Jessie Baskin Papers. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://www.archives.state.al.us/teacher/rights/lesson1/doc4.html>.
- This source gives me the privilege of knowing what exactly the African Americans in the 1950s-1960s were looking for in their everyday life. They not only wanted freedom, but also wanted a chance to have a say since it was a democracy. It’s primary because it was created by the “Montgomery Negroes” who are my main focus in this turning point through history.
10. Sarawahedi. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." YouTube. 01 Dec. 2008. YouTube. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ>.
- This video is primary because it has pictures that were taken during the bus boycott. The video also allows me to understand just how cruelly the African Americans were treated because of this boycott. It shows me that the boycott was not just some little event; it eventually changed history.
11. "Selma to Montgomery March Video." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/selma-montgomery-march/videos>.
- This video gives me the essence of the important affects of the bus boycott that led up to the civil rights movement. From it, I learned that the affects of the boycott played a major role in the turnout of civil rights movement. It’s a primary source because it’s a video combined of segments of other videos that were taken during the time of the civil rights era.
12. Herblock. The Washington Post 1956: n. pag. Print.
- This cartoon, that was a part of the Washington Post, creates a feel of how the citizens were reacting to the boycott. This is important to my research because it allows me to have knowledge of not just one point of view of that time period, but also of the opposing point of view. It is primary because it was in a newspaper article that was created during the boycott.
13. Johnson, Tom. "Bus Boycott Conference Fails to Find Solution." [Montgomery] n.d.: n. pag. Print.
- This newspaper was used in my research of an example of just how grounded many Africans Americans were about earning their equality in society. It gives direct quotes from both African American’s and city bus drivers of Montgomery. Since the newspaper is still the same newspaper that was written during the boycott, it’s considered a primary source.
14. Code of the City of Montgomery, Alabama. Charlottesville: Michie City Publishing Co., 1952. Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama http://www.archives.state.al.us/teacher/rights/lesson1/doc1.html
- This source allows me to understand the laws of Montgomery before the turning point of the bus boycott. It’s an historical document that hasn’t been changed or altered in any way since it was created in 1952, therefore, making this source primary.
15. "Negores' Boycott Cripples Bus Line." New York Times 8 Jan. 1956: 71. Print.
- I used the newspaper article as help to understand how long this boycott lasted. It allowed me to know that equality was really something worth fighting for. It’s a primary source because it was created in 1956 and hasn’t been changed in any way. It shows the actual thought of the citizen’s o Montgomery at that time.
16. Phillips, Wayne. "Negros Minister Convicted of Directing Bus Boycott." New York Times 23 Mar. 1956: 1-28. Print.
- This source is a primary source because it gives direct quotes of those involved in the boycott event. It helped understand the thoughts of the Negroes and the thoughts of the President during this time.
17. Cravens, Don. Rosa Parks Rides On Newly Integrated Bus. 1956. Photograph. Montgomery. Global Issues In Context. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?contentSet=EBKS&doc.Article&idigest=fb720fd31d9036c1ed2d1f3a0500fcc2&&tabID=T0011&prodId=GIC&docId=CX2687500035&userGroupName=itsbtrial&version=1.0&search&source=gale>.
- This photo of Rosa Parks riding on the newly integrated buses in Montgomery give me the feel of the emotions of she had as what she and many other people were fighting for, for so long finally came to true. It’s a primary source because the photographer who took this picture was actually there.
18. Brinkley, Douglas. Martin Luther King Jr. Is Cheered By Supporters. 1956. Photograph. Montogmery. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.
- The picture of the people cheering on Martin Luther King as he says that the bus boycott will continue allows me to understand that they were happy to have this bus boycott. The picture is primary because it was actually taken when that event was taking place.
19. "Rosa Parks." Elegant Brain. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012.
- This photograph allows me to know how Rosa Parks felt after many years of hardship. It’s a primary source because Rosa Parks was actually there when the picture was being taken.
20. Okamoto, Yoichi R. MLK Meeting LBJ. N.d. Photograph. Lydon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, n.p.
- The picture of Martin Luther King meeting Lyndon B. Johnson shows me how Johnson wasn’t really interested in what King’s had to say him. This is important to my research because I need to know two sides of the feelings of the boycott. King and Johnson were there when this picture was taken and so was the photographer making his source primary.
21. "Civil Rights Movement Primary & Secondary Sources." Civil Rights Movement Primary & Secondary Sources. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.southallegheny.org/webpages/jmccay/resources.cfm?subpage=1276276>.
- This website includes direct quotes of Martin Luther King himself which helps to understand who he is as a person based on his speech of words. It’s primary because they are the words of King’s himself.
22. King Jr., Martine Luther. Letter From Birmingham Jail. Why We Can't Wait. New York: MvGraw-Hill, 1990. N. pag. Print.
- This letter gives me the knowledge of how it felt to be imprisoned for fighting for equality in everyone’s rights. It’s the actual words written by King from Birmingham Jail. This classifies I as primary.
23. King Jr., Martin Luther. "I've Been To The Mountain Top." Mason Temple, Memphis. 3 Apr. 1968. Speech.
- This speech gives me the understanding of how people felt after the boycott ended. The speech comes with a video of when the event was taken place allowing me to know that no words have been changed, making this source primary.
24. Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1958) 78.
- This source gives knowledge of who else were considered to have played a major role in the boycott. The quote is part of an autobiography, therefore, this source is primary.
25. Juan Williams, Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965 (New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1987) 67.
- This source is an autobiography which allows it to be considered primary. The source helps to understand the importance of the events that led up to the boycott and the civil rights movements.
Secondary Sources:
1. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)." Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute at Stanford University. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_montgomery_bus_boycott_1955_1956>.
- This source helped me by giving me a reliable summary on what happened during the bus boycott, why happened, who was involved, how long it lasted, and the affects it had throughout the society. It is a secondary source because it was put together by the understandings of the boycott by someone who had researched the topic.
2. Gray, Laura. The Militant 13 Feb. 1958. 15 Sept. 2012.
- I used this source to give me quotes of what people in society today think about the boycott that took place in Montgomery.
3. "Effects Of Montgomery Bus Boycott." Historyking. Historyking.com. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://www.historyking.com/American-History/timeline/1950-1999/montgomery-bus-boycott/Effects-Of-Montgomery-Bus-Boycott.html>.
- This article on the bus boycott provided me with a different perspective of it. Most people say the bus boycott changed history because of Rosa Parks, the writer of this article says that Rosa Parks is what President Nixon needed to present an argument for making segregated buses unconstitutional.
4. Burns, Stewart. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." Encyclopedia of Alabama. 9 June 2008. Auburn University. 14 Sept. 2012 <http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1567>.
- This source gave me knowledge of other people that were arrested for not giving up their seats to a person of white skin color. I’m using this source to put information about those specific people in my website.
5. Rustin, Bayard. "Nonviolent Direct Action." - Social Justice Wiki. 12 Jan. 2006. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/index.php/Nonviolent_Direct_Action>.
- This article is a biography of Bayard Rustin. Rustin was involved in the civil rights movement. I’m including him in my website because he was so young. Having a perspective of a young person on my website will give the viewer the same perspective.
6. Teaching and Tolerance. “Mighty Times: Legacy of Rosa Parks” Southern Poverty Law Center, Administrator. 12 May. 2009. Mighty Times, the Legacy of Rosa Parks. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://www.tolerance.org/kit/mighty-times-legacy-rosa-parks>(video)
- This video is both a primary and secondary source. It not only shows the people who were apart of the boycott, but also shows people of today’s generation and what they think of the boycott.
7. Johnson, Bernice. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Jog The Web. Blackside, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jogtheweb.com/run/qjvuVQWbV0w1/Montgomery-Bus-Boycott>.
- This source gave me an insight of the church hymns that were sung during the time period of the boycott. The hymns allow me to understand what the African Americans were feeling at that time.
8. FindingDulcinea Staff. "On This Day: Supreme Court Outlaws Bus Segregation." On This Day: Supreme Court Outlaws Bus Segregation. Dulcinea Media, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/Supreme-Court-Outlaws-Bus-Segregation.html>.
- Reading this article gave me information to put on my website about the Supreme Court. By reading this article I was able to explain the role the Supreme Court played in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
9. "Civil Rights in the USA in the 1950s and 1960s: Further Information." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/gnmeducationcentre/14>.
- When I read this article, I learned about the Civil Rights Act, which was the affect of the Bus Boycott
10. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/montgomery-bus-boycott>.
- This website provided me with videos that are very useful to my website.
11. "Customer Reviews Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.amazon.com/Daybreak-Freedom-The-Montgomery-Boycott/product-reviews/0807846619>.
- Reading the comments of people's views on the boycott allows me to judge their opinions on this topic. By doing this I can base my judgment on the info I gather from other people's comments/ opinions.
12. "Montgomery Bus Boycott: The Story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement." Montgomery Bus Boycott: The Story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement. www.montgomeryadvertiser.com, 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/>.
- This website provides me with an example of how I may want to create my website. I can see why this website has the info it has and then be able to create my website by also having a reason for everything i include in it.
13. Moulton, Aryn, Nicole Phillips, Sabrina Styza, and Sandy Gonzalez. "MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT." MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/New-Vista/bus-boycott/>.
- This source provides me with information about the NAACP organization. The NACP organization was one that helped spread the word of the boycott.
14. Koeller, David W. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Montgomery Bus Boycott: 1956. Web Chron, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/USA/MontBus.html>.
- This source helped me to be able to elaborate on how the Bus Boycott was such a great impact and how it played out really well also.
15. "54b. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott." Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott [ushistory.org]. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp>.
- This source has a painting of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King. It's considered a secondary source because it is a painting of a photograph.
16. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott December 1955 - December 1956." PBS. PBS, 26 Aug. 2006. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/story/02_bus.html>.
- This source gave me knowledge of the last person before Rosa Parks to get arrested for not giving up their seat to a white person.
Primary Sources:
1. Teaching and Tolerance. “Mighty Times: Legacy of Rosa Parks” Southern Poverty Law Center, Administrator. 12 May. 2009. Mighty Times, the Legacy of Rosa Parks. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://www.tolerance.org/kit/mighty-times-legacy-rosa-parks>(video)
- This video helped me to depict the mood of the time the bus boycott was happening. It is a primary source because it shows segments of the actual events that took place during this era. It also contains segments that show the actual people that were there during this time period and their thoughts on the bus boycott.
2. Parks, Rosa, and Haskins, Jim. Rosa Parks: My Story. New York: Penguin Group, 1992.(book)
- This book was written by Rosa Parks herself; it’s an autobiography. This makes this source a primary source because it’s the actual words of someone who was a major part of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The book helped to gain a vision of how it felt to be Rosa Parks as an African American woman in the 1950’s, being treated unfairly just because her skin color made her “black” and not “white”.
3. “Rosa Parks Was Arrested for Civil Disobedience” Prints and Photographs Division. Library of Congress. 1956. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/modern/jb_modern_parks_1_e.html> (photograph)
- This photograph is a primary source because the photographer who took it was there when Rosa Parks was getting her hands fingerprinted. The photograph gave a visual image of how Parks’ face looked when she was getting her fingerprints. It showed her expression and allowed me to infer a little bit of how she was feeling at the time.
4. King, Martin Luther. Stride Towards Freedom. Jr. Harper & Brothers, 1958. (book)
- This autobiography, written by Martin Luther King’s himself, allowed me to really understand his way of thinking and why he was so motivated to gain freedom. King’s was vital part to the gaining of freedom of all rights of African Americans. It’s a primary source because it’s the words of Kings, written by he, himself, meaning it couldn’t have been changed by anyone.
5. “ADAH: Alabama Moments (Montgomery Bus Boycott)” ADAH. Alabama Moments in American History. 15 Sept. 2012 http://www.alabamamoments.state.al.us/sec55ps.html (website article)
- The website article shows an actual newspaper article from December 4, 1955. This was around the time the Bus Boycott began. It allows me to learn the reactions of the citizens in Montgomery when they were informed about the Bus Boycott. Since the article shows and actual newspaper from the time period of the boycott, it makes it a primary source.
6. The Rev. M. L. King and the Rev. W. J. Powell. "Rules for Riding Desegrated Buses." PBS. PBS, 26 Aug. 2006. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/sources/ps_bus.html>.
- This source allows me to understand the way the African Americans tried to react when they learned of the buses becoming desegrated. It’s a primary source because it written by an organization who was there at the time of the boycott era.
7. Weiner, Dan. They’ve Messed With The Wrong One Now. Rosa Parks: My Story. New York: Penguin Group, 1992. Pg. 131.
- This picture is a primary source because not only is it included in Rosa Parks’ autobiography, but also because it was taken at the time of the boycott era.
8. U.s.n &w.r. collection, comp. White Violence Gets Worse. 98.
- This source is primary because the photographer was actually there when this event took place.
9. Montgomery Negroes. "Alabama Archives: Riding the Bus." Alabama Archives: Riding the Bus. Inez Jessie Baskin Papers. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://www.archives.state.al.us/teacher/rights/lesson1/doc4.html>.
- This source gives me the privilege of knowing what exactly the African Americans in the 1950s-1960s were looking for in their everyday life. They not only wanted freedom, but also wanted a chance to have a say since it was a democracy. It’s primary because it was created by the “Montgomery Negroes” who are my main focus in this turning point through history.
10. Sarawahedi. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." YouTube. 01 Dec. 2008. YouTube. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ>.
- This video is primary because it has pictures that were taken during the bus boycott. The video also allows me to understand just how cruelly the African Americans were treated because of this boycott. It shows me that the boycott was not just some little event; it eventually changed history.
11. "Selma to Montgomery March Video." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/selma-montgomery-march/videos>.
- This video gives me the essence of the important affects of the bus boycott that led up to the civil rights movement. From it, I learned that the affects of the boycott played a major role in the turnout of civil rights movement. It’s a primary source because it’s a video combined of segments of other videos that were taken during the time of the civil rights era.
12. Herblock. The Washington Post 1956: n. pag. Print.
- This cartoon, that was a part of the Washington Post, creates a feel of how the citizens were reacting to the boycott. This is important to my research because it allows me to have knowledge of not just one point of view of that time period, but also of the opposing point of view. It is primary because it was in a newspaper article that was created during the boycott.
13. Johnson, Tom. "Bus Boycott Conference Fails to Find Solution." [Montgomery] n.d.: n. pag. Print.
- This newspaper was used in my research of an example of just how grounded many Africans Americans were about earning their equality in society. It gives direct quotes from both African American’s and city bus drivers of Montgomery. Since the newspaper is still the same newspaper that was written during the boycott, it’s considered a primary source.
14. Code of the City of Montgomery, Alabama. Charlottesville: Michie City Publishing Co., 1952. Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama http://www.archives.state.al.us/teacher/rights/lesson1/doc1.html
- This source allows me to understand the laws of Montgomery before the turning point of the bus boycott. It’s an historical document that hasn’t been changed or altered in any way since it was created in 1952, therefore, making this source primary.
15. "Negores' Boycott Cripples Bus Line." New York Times 8 Jan. 1956: 71. Print.
- I used the newspaper article as help to understand how long this boycott lasted. It allowed me to know that equality was really something worth fighting for. It’s a primary source because it was created in 1956 and hasn’t been changed in any way. It shows the actual thought of the citizen’s o Montgomery at that time.
16. Phillips, Wayne. "Negros Minister Convicted of Directing Bus Boycott." New York Times 23 Mar. 1956: 1-28. Print.
- This source is a primary source because it gives direct quotes of those involved in the boycott event. It helped understand the thoughts of the Negroes and the thoughts of the President during this time.
17. Cravens, Don. Rosa Parks Rides On Newly Integrated Bus. 1956. Photograph. Montgomery. Global Issues In Context. Gale. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. <http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?contentSet=EBKS&doc.Article&idigest=fb720fd31d9036c1ed2d1f3a0500fcc2&&tabID=T0011&prodId=GIC&docId=CX2687500035&userGroupName=itsbtrial&version=1.0&search&source=gale>.
- This photo of Rosa Parks riding on the newly integrated buses in Montgomery give me the feel of the emotions of she had as what she and many other people were fighting for, for so long finally came to true. It’s a primary source because the photographer who took this picture was actually there.
18. Brinkley, Douglas. Martin Luther King Jr. Is Cheered By Supporters. 1956. Photograph. Montogmery. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.
- The picture of the people cheering on Martin Luther King as he says that the bus boycott will continue allows me to understand that they were happy to have this bus boycott. The picture is primary because it was actually taken when that event was taking place.
19. "Rosa Parks." Elegant Brain. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012.
- This photograph allows me to know how Rosa Parks felt after many years of hardship. It’s a primary source because Rosa Parks was actually there when the picture was being taken.
20. Okamoto, Yoichi R. MLK Meeting LBJ. N.d. Photograph. Lydon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, n.p.
- The picture of Martin Luther King meeting Lyndon B. Johnson shows me how Johnson wasn’t really interested in what King’s had to say him. This is important to my research because I need to know two sides of the feelings of the boycott. King and Johnson were there when this picture was taken and so was the photographer making his source primary.
21. "Civil Rights Movement Primary & Secondary Sources." Civil Rights Movement Primary & Secondary Sources. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://www.southallegheny.org/webpages/jmccay/resources.cfm?subpage=1276276>.
- This website includes direct quotes of Martin Luther King himself which helps to understand who he is as a person based on his speech of words. It’s primary because they are the words of King’s himself.
22. King Jr., Martine Luther. Letter From Birmingham Jail. Why We Can't Wait. New York: MvGraw-Hill, 1990. N. pag. Print.
- This letter gives me the knowledge of how it felt to be imprisoned for fighting for equality in everyone’s rights. It’s the actual words written by King from Birmingham Jail. This classifies I as primary.
23. King Jr., Martin Luther. "I've Been To The Mountain Top." Mason Temple, Memphis. 3 Apr. 1968. Speech.
- This speech gives me the understanding of how people felt after the boycott ended. The speech comes with a video of when the event was taken place allowing me to know that no words have been changed, making this source primary.
24. Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1958) 78.
- This source gives knowledge of who else were considered to have played a major role in the boycott. The quote is part of an autobiography, therefore, this source is primary.
25. Juan Williams, Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965 (New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1987) 67.
- This source is an autobiography which allows it to be considered primary. The source helps to understand the importance of the events that led up to the boycott and the civil rights movements.
Secondary Sources:
1. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)." Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute at Stanford University. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_montgomery_bus_boycott_1955_1956>.
- This source helped me by giving me a reliable summary on what happened during the bus boycott, why happened, who was involved, how long it lasted, and the affects it had throughout the society. It is a secondary source because it was put together by the understandings of the boycott by someone who had researched the topic.
2. Gray, Laura. The Militant 13 Feb. 1958. 15 Sept. 2012.
- I used this source to give me quotes of what people in society today think about the boycott that took place in Montgomery.
3. "Effects Of Montgomery Bus Boycott." Historyking. Historyking.com. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://www.historyking.com/American-History/timeline/1950-1999/montgomery-bus-boycott/Effects-Of-Montgomery-Bus-Boycott.html>.
- This article on the bus boycott provided me with a different perspective of it. Most people say the bus boycott changed history because of Rosa Parks, the writer of this article says that Rosa Parks is what President Nixon needed to present an argument for making segregated buses unconstitutional.
4. Burns, Stewart. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." Encyclopedia of Alabama. 9 June 2008. Auburn University. 14 Sept. 2012 <http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1567>.
- This source gave me knowledge of other people that were arrested for not giving up their seats to a person of white skin color. I’m using this source to put information about those specific people in my website.
5. Rustin, Bayard. "Nonviolent Direct Action." - Social Justice Wiki. 12 Jan. 2006. 18 Sept. 2012 <http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/index.php/Nonviolent_Direct_Action>.
- This article is a biography of Bayard Rustin. Rustin was involved in the civil rights movement. I’m including him in my website because he was so young. Having a perspective of a young person on my website will give the viewer the same perspective.
6. Teaching and Tolerance. “Mighty Times: Legacy of Rosa Parks” Southern Poverty Law Center, Administrator. 12 May. 2009. Mighty Times, the Legacy of Rosa Parks. 15 Sept. 2012 <http://www.tolerance.org/kit/mighty-times-legacy-rosa-parks>(video)
- This video is both a primary and secondary source. It not only shows the people who were apart of the boycott, but also shows people of today’s generation and what they think of the boycott.
7. Johnson, Bernice. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Jog The Web. Blackside, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.jogtheweb.com/run/qjvuVQWbV0w1/Montgomery-Bus-Boycott>.
- This source gave me an insight of the church hymns that were sung during the time period of the boycott. The hymns allow me to understand what the African Americans were feeling at that time.
8. FindingDulcinea Staff. "On This Day: Supreme Court Outlaws Bus Segregation." On This Day: Supreme Court Outlaws Bus Segregation. Dulcinea Media, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/November/Supreme-Court-Outlaws-Bus-Segregation.html>.
- Reading this article gave me information to put on my website about the Supreme Court. By reading this article I was able to explain the role the Supreme Court played in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
9. "Civil Rights in the USA in the 1950s and 1960s: Further Information." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/gnmeducationcentre/14>.
- When I read this article, I learned about the Civil Rights Act, which was the affect of the Bus Boycott
10. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.history.com/topics/montgomery-bus-boycott>.
- This website provided me with videos that are very useful to my website.
11. "Customer Reviews Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.amazon.com/Daybreak-Freedom-The-Montgomery-Boycott/product-reviews/0807846619>.
- Reading the comments of people's views on the boycott allows me to judge their opinions on this topic. By doing this I can base my judgment on the info I gather from other people's comments/ opinions.
12. "Montgomery Bus Boycott: The Story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement." Montgomery Bus Boycott: The Story of Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement. www.montgomeryadvertiser.com, 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/>.
- This website provides me with an example of how I may want to create my website. I can see why this website has the info it has and then be able to create my website by also having a reason for everything i include in it.
13. Moulton, Aryn, Nicole Phillips, Sabrina Styza, and Sandy Gonzalez. "MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT." MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/New-Vista/bus-boycott/>.
- This source provides me with information about the NAACP organization. The NACP organization was one that helped spread the word of the boycott.
14. Koeller, David W. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." Montgomery Bus Boycott: 1956. Web Chron, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/USA/MontBus.html>.
- This source helped me to be able to elaborate on how the Bus Boycott was such a great impact and how it played out really well also.
15. "54b. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott." Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott [ushistory.org]. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp>.
- This source has a painting of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King. It's considered a secondary source because it is a painting of a photograph.
16. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott December 1955 - December 1956." PBS. PBS, 26 Aug. 2006. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/story/02_bus.html>.
- This source gave me knowledge of the last person before Rosa Parks to get arrested for not giving up their seat to a white person.